Since revealing the key role of the vascular endothelial growth factor in the pathogenesis of intraocular vascular and inflammatory diseases, anti-VEGF drugs have created an evolution in their treatment. This study aimed to investigate the short-term safety and efficacy of ziv-aflibercept, which is an anti-VEGF anticancer drug, in the treatment of choroidal and retinal vascular diseases.

Thirty-six eyes of 31 patients with ocular vascular disease received a single dose intravitreal injection of 0.05 ml ziv-aflibercept (1.25 mg). At baseline and 1 weak after injection, IOP and BCVA recorded and routine ophthalmic examinations were performed. In addition, eyes were explored for progression of lens opacities, ocular inflammation, and the retinal structure OCT.

At one week after treatment, mean BCVA and IOP appeared almost unchanged compared to baseline (P = 0.6 and 0.24, respectively). Mean central macular thickness significantly decreased from 534.09?m to 368.5?m and the percentage of cases with cystoid macular edema reduced from 58.3% to 25.0% (both P<0.001). No signs of side effects such as inflammation, lens opacity progression, or complications of injection such as infection or retinal detachment were observed in any subject.

In our series of patients, a single dose intravitreal injection of ziv-aflibercept proved to have acceptable short-term safety and efficacy in the treatment of patients with intraocular vascular disease.